Philippines Expenditure per student, primary (% of GDP per capita)

Data:	Expenditure per student, primary (% of GDP per capita)
Year:	1960 - 2013
Country:	Philippines
Source:	World Bank (the information in this section is direct quotation from World Bank development data)
Series Code:	SE.XPD.PRIM.PC.ZS
Topic:	Education: Inputs
Short Definition:	0
Long Definition:	Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities).
Unit of Measurement:	0
Periodicity:	Annual
Base Period:	0
Reference Period:	0
Aggregation method:	Median
Limitations and exceptions:	Returns on investment to education, especially primary and lower secondary education, cannot be understood simply by comparing current education indicators with national income. It takes a long time before currently enrolled children can productively contribute to the national economy (Hanushek 2002). There is also a limitation on data collection. While international standards ensure comparable datasets, data collection methods may vary by country and within countries over time.
Notes from original source:	0
General Comments:	Aggregate data are based on World Bank estimates.
Original Source:	United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.
Statistical concept and methodology:	For most countries the data on education spending refer to public spending - government spending on education at all levels plus subsidies provided to households and other private entities - and generally exclude foreign aid for education that is not included in the government budget. The data may also exclude spending by religious schools, which play a significant role in many developing countries. Data are gathered from ministries of education and from other ministries or agencies involved in education spending for monitoring, policymaking, and resource allocation. Data on public expenditure per student for primary education is calculated by dividing public spending on primary education by the number of students at primary level, expressed as percentage of GDP per capita. Aggregate data are World Bank estimates. Data on education are collected by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics (UIS) from official responses to its annual education survey. All the data published by the UIS are mapped to the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 (ISCED97). This classification system ensures the comparability of education programs at the international level. UNESCO developed the ISCED to facilitate comparisons of education statistics and indicators of different countries on the basis of uniform and internationally agreed definitions. First developed in the 1970s, the current version was formally adopted in November 1997. The reference years reflect the school year for which the data are presented. In some countries the school year spans two calendar years (for example, from September 2010 to June 2011); in these cases the reference year refers to the year in which the school year ended (2011 in the example).
Development relevance:	The share of public expenditure devoted to education allows an assessment of the priority a government assigns to education relative to other public investments, as well as a government's commitment to investing in human capital development. However, high-quality data on education finance are scarce. Improving their quality is a priority of the UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Additional resources are being allocated for technical assistance to countries in need, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Interagency partnerships and collaborations with national ministries in charge of education finance data are improving, and actual expenditure data are increasingly being collected. Tracking private education spending is still a challenge for all countries.

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