| Data: | Income share held by lowest 20% | ||||||||
| Year: | 1960 - 2013 | ||||||||
| Country: | Philippines | ||||||||
| Source: | World Bank (the information in this section is direct quotation from World Bank development data) | ||||||||
| Series Code: | SI.DST.FRST.20 | ||||||||
| Topic: | Poverty: Income distribution | ||||||||
| Short Definition: | 0 | ||||||||
| Long Definition: | Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles. Percentage shares by quintile may not sum to 100 because of rounding. | ||||||||
| Unit of Measurement: | 0 | ||||||||
| Periodicity: | Annual | ||||||||
| Base Period: | 0 | ||||||||
| Reference Period: | 0 | ||||||||
| Aggregation method: | 0 | ||||||||
| Limitations and exceptions: | Because the
underlying household surveys differ in method and type of data collected, the
distribution data are not strictly comparable across countries. These
problems are diminishing as survey methods improve and become more
standardized, but achieving strict comparability is still impossible. Two sources of non-comparability should be noted in particular. First, the surveys can differ in many respects, including whether they use income or consumption expenditure as the living standard indicator. The distribution of income is typically more unequal than the distribution of consumption. In addition, the definitions of income used differ more often among surveys. Consumption is usually a much better welfare indicator, particularly in developing countries. Second, households differ in size (number of members) and in the extent of income sharing among members. And individuals differ in age and consumption needs. Differences among countries in these respects may bias comparisons of distribution. World Bank staff have made an effort to ensure that the data are as comparable as possible. Wherever possible, consumption has been used rather than income. Income distribution and Gini indexes for high-income economies are calculated directly from the Luxembourg Income Study database, using an estimation method consistent with that applied for developing countries. |
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| Notes from original source: | 0 | ||||||||
| General Comments: | 0 | ||||||||
| Original Source: | World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/index.htm). | ||||||||
| Statistical concept and methodology: | Inequality
in the distribution of income is reflected in the share of income or
consumption accruing to a portion of the population ranked by income or
consumption levels. The portions ranked lowest by personal income receive the
smallest shares of total income. Data on the distribution of income or consumption come from nationally representative household surveys. Where the original data from the household survey were available, they have been used to directly calculate the income or consumption shares by quintile. Otherwise, shares have been estimated from the best available grouped data. The distribution data have been adjusted for household size, providing a more consistent measure of per capita income or consumption. No adjustment has been made for spatial differences in cost of living within countries, because the data needed for such calculations are generally unavailable. For further details on the estimation method for low- and middle-income economies, see Ravallion and Chen (1996). Survey year is the year in which the underlying household survey data were collected or, when the data collection period bridged two calendar years, the year in which most of the data were collected. Percentage shares by quintile may not sum to 100 because of rounding. |
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| Development relevance: | Most of the
people who have escaped extreme poverty remain very poor by the standards of
middle-income countries. The median poverty line for developing countries in
2005 was $2 a day. The poverty rate for all developing countries measured at
this line fell from nearly 70 percent in 1981 to 43 percent in 2008, but the
number of people living on less than $2 a day has remained nearly constant at
around 2.5 billion. The largest decrease, in both number and proportion,
occurred in East Asia and Pacific, led by China. By contrast in Sub-Saharan
Africa and South Asia, particularly India, the number of people living on
less than $2 a day increased. And globally the number of people living on
$1.25-$2 a day nearly doubled, to 1.2 billion. Despite progress in the last decade, the challenges of measuring poverty remain. The timeliness, frequency, quality, and comparability of household surveys need to increase substantially, particularly in the poorest countries. The availability and quality of poverty monitoring data remains low in small states, countries with fragile situations, and low-income countries and even some middle-income countries. The low frequency and lack of comparability of the data available in some countries create uncertainty over the magnitude of poverty reduction. The need to improve household survey programs for monitoring poverty is clearly urgent. But institutional, political, and financial obstacles continue to limit data collection, analysis, and public access. |
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